Janmashtami Krishna Janmashtami is one of the most important religious festivals celebrated in India. As the name suggests, Krishna Janmashtami celebrates the birth anniversary of Lord Krishna, one of the most cherished and worshipped Gods amongst Hindu devotees. This auspicious festival is also known by various other names such as Sree Jayanti, Srikrishna Jayanti, Krishnashtami, etc. This festival is celebrated on the ashtami of the krishna paksha of the Bhadrapada month as per traditional Hindu calendar. According to the Gregorian calendar, this falls on the eighth day of the dark fortnight of the month of August September. In the year 2019, Krishna Janmashtami will be observed on August 14th, Monday. Dates of Janmashtami in the next five years according to the modern day calendar: In 2014, the Janmashtami date is Sunday, August 17. In 2015, the Janmashtami date is on Saturday, September 5. In 2016, the Janmashtami date is on Thursday, August 25. In 2017, the Janmashtami date is on Monday, August 14. In 2018, the Janmashtami date is Sunday, September 2. In 2018, the Janmashtami date is Saturday, August 24. Who is Lord Krishna? Lord Krishna is the 8th incarnation of Lord Vishnu and perhaps the most powerful human incarnations. He was born around 5200 years ago in order to rid the world of the evils. Legend has it that he was the 8th son of Vasudeva and Devaki who were imprisoned by Devaki’s brother Kansa. Based on scriptures, Krishna’s birth can be ascertained to 3228 BCE. He belonged to the Vrishni clan of people from Mathura. Janmashtami King Kansa had imprisoned Devaki and her husband due to a prophecy that he will be killed for all his evils by the 8 th son of Devaki; Kansa killed the first 6 children of Devaki. Devaki had a miscarriage of the 7th child, which was actually transferred to Rohini’s womb, Krishna was finally born. Lord Vishnu ordered Vasudeva to immediately on the night of his birth take Krishna to Gokul to Yashoda and Nanda for his safety. Vasudeva, in a stormy night crossed the river Yamuna and kept Krishna beside Yashoda and picked up their daughter and returned home. Kansa, the next day to kill the infant threw it at a stone, when the infant rose up in the sky taking the form of Yogamaya and informed Kansa that he will be killed in the hands of Krishna, who was growing up in Gokul. Krishna then grew up in Gokul along with his brother Balaram, had many an adventures and returned to kill Kansa later on to punish him. Krishna went on to play a major role in the epic of Mahabharata and catapulted into an iconic figure. Celebrations of Krishna Janmashtami The celebration of Janmashtami actually happens in mid night as Lord Krishna was born on a dark windy and turbulent midnight. Krishna’s childhood pictures and other various pictures are used to adorn the homes of the devotees. At midnight the devout devotees gather around to sing songs, loris and worship the auspicious moment of the birth of Krishna. In Maharashtra and Pune region, this festivity is celebrated as Dahi Handi, where devotees make a human pyramid and the top most person breaks an earthen pot containing dahi or buttermilk. This is remiscent and recreation of Krishna’s childhood escapades of stealing butter. The person at the top of the pyramid breaks the handi or the pot with the help of a blunt object. The participants of these Dahi Handi are called Govinda or Govinda Pathaks and often form groups in taking part in such activities. These in recent times have become competitive and people stand to win lakhs of rupees in prize money for these. The best Dahi Handi and Krishna Janmashtami celebration in Mumbai are in Lower Parel, Dadar, Lalbaug, Mazgaon etc. in Pune the best places for this celebration is in Babu Genu and Mandai and in Goa this celebration is done with a lot of devotion. The temple of Devaki Krishna, which is perhaps the only temple in India commemorating Devaki, is decked up beautifully with flowers and celebrations happen in the town of Naroa. At the birthplace of Krishna, Mathura the celebrations take a grand scale. Several rituals are carried out at midnight as Krishna was born at that time. The grandest celebration takes place in the Dwarkadhish Temple, where the idol of Lord Krishna is given a ritual bath in curd and milk. The temples and all the ghats of Mathura are beautifully decorated in a show of complete splendor. Panchamrit, which is a mixture of honey or madhu, curd or dahi, ghee or purified butter and Ganga jal is distributed amongst devotees. Kheer, Laddoo, butter etc are offered to the Lord as prasads, as these were his childhood favorites. Vrindavan, where Lord Krishna is said to have spent most of his formative years adopt a joyous air during this time. Thousands of devotees throng this place for viewing these festivities. The Banke Bihari Temple, The Krishna Balaram Temple and the Iskcon Temple draw the greatest of crowds. Apart from the other rituals, the Abhishek or the ritual bath and putting on of new clothes of Lord Krishna is the biggest attraction. In Puri , Odisha and Nabadwip in West Bengal the celebrations are grand. In West Bengal devotees fast till midnight and prepare delicacies for the Lord Krishna. Fast is broken on the next day and various sweets are offered as Prasad to all the devotees. In Manipur, this is known as Krishna Janma and the Vaishnava devotees celebrate it in 2 of the major temples, ISKCON and the Govindaji Temple. This auspicious occasion is known as Gokulashtami or Gokula Ashtami in the southern part of India. In Tamil Nadu, people decorate their houses with Kolams or decorations using rice batter. Small imprints of Krishna’s feet are created till the puja rooms. Chanting and reading of Bhagwad Gita is done on this auspicious occasion. Favorite food items of Lord Krishna are prepared such as, Verkadalai Urundai, Sweet Seeda, seedai etc. there is also a custom of dressing up the youngest male child being dressed up as Krishna and put up in a swing, which is called Oonjal. The Prasad after the puja is also offered to them first. In Andhra Pradesh, apart from the customary rituals, young boys dressed as Lord Krishna keep visiting neighbors. Numerous types of sweets are prepared on this day to mark the occasion. Some prominent Krishna temples in the southern part of India are the Bala Krishna temple at Udupi, the Rajagopalaswami Temple in Mannargudi in the Tiruvarur district, Pandavadhoothar temple in Kanchivaram ans the Krishna Temple in Guruvayur which is believed to have been the one which was submerged in the sea and had been brought from Dwarka. Rituals of Krishna Janmashtami Since this is a major festival amongst the Hindus, devotees observe this auspicious day with a lot of devotion. Fast is kept from morning till midnight, when special puja is done, since Lord Krishna was born in the midnight. At midnight, the idol of the Bal Gopal or the Child Gopal is bathed in milk and his name is chanted 108 times. Aartis are performed and puja offerings are made. Swings are decorated with flowers and the Krishna idol made to sit there. A number of sweets are prepared which are believed to be favorite of the small Krishna. Butter is definitely amongst those that are offered as Prasad on this auspicious occasion. 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Independence Day in US Independence Day in the United States is commonly or colloquially known as the Fourth of July. This is a federal holiday in the country to commemorate the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, which established that United States had gained independence from the then Kingdom of Great Britain, now known as United Kingdom officially. The day is observed amidst much fanfare in the country where a lot of patriotic themed events are organized apart from general merrymaking. Background: On July 2, 1776, during the period of American Revolution, there occurred a separation of the Thirteen Colonies from the Kingdom of Great Britain. Earlier in June that year the Second Continental Congress voted to pass a Resolution of Independence that was proposed by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia who aimed to declare the United States independent from the rule of Great Britain. After the voting was done, Congress then shifted their focus to frame the Declaration of Independence, a statement that explained the decision. This Declaration was prepared by a Committee of Five that constituted of eminent persons like Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Robert Livingston, with Jefferson being the principal author. The draft was then debated that reworded before final approval on July 4. However historians have opined that the Declaration was signed nearly a month after it was adopted. They attribute the date to be August 2, 1776. But the common belief is based on the fact that Jefferson, Adams and Franklin all have in writing agreed to have signed the Declaration on July 4. Customs and Observances: This holiday is essentially marked by patriotic displays. At noon a gun salute to the Union is fired from a capable military base. Fifty shots are fired, one to represent each State of the Union. Being a summer celebration most occurrences happen out of doors. Families often host picnics and parties and celebrate their time with relatives, family and friends. Party decors bear the theme of red, white and blue in keeping with the color scheme of the National Flag of the United States. The morning brings about a number of parades, while the evening is about firework displays. Fireworks are held at pre determined public places in keeping with safety measures. Private firework displays are banned in some States on account of safety measure. Fireworks are often accompanied by patriotic songs or at least the National Anthem. In some States it is allowed to sell fireworks for personal enjoyment during this time. But many States restrict to only public displays due to safety concerns. Even size and types of fireworks allowed are stipulated. Sometimes people gather together on the night before the Fourth for a bonfire. In New England it is a custom for towns to compete and build towering pyramids that are lit at nightfall to mark the beginning of the celebrations. Public Life: Non-essential Government departments do not function on this day. Schools are often closed too for the occasion. No such regulation is applicable in case of retail stores or restaurants. In fact, retailers come up with huge schemes and discounts to lure buyers during this time. Public transportation system may run a little erratic though. Many people use this break to enjoy an extended vacation. A few unique or historical observances: The oldest Fourth of July celebration that has continued till date is believed to be the one held in Bristol, Rhode Island, in the year 1785. In Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, the custom was adopted since 1959 to celebrate during the last week of June the Independence Days of both US (July 4) and Canada (July 1). Beautiful fireworks displays light up the Detroit River. The famous Macy’s Fireworks Display is a major attraction in New York and the event has been aired nationwide on NBC since 1976. Since 1970, on this day, the town of Atlanta in Georgia, host the annual 10 kilometer Peachtree Road Race. Since 1973, the "Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular" is hosted annually over the Charles River Esplanade where firework display is accompanied by music by the Boston Pops Orchestra. More than half a million people assemble on the Capitol Lawn for a free concert called “A Capitol Fourth” that precedes firework show.
Independence Day in India At the stroke of the midnight hour of 14th of August, 1947 when the world was sleeping, India woke to life and freedom and as Jawaharlal Nehru our first Prime Minister had said, that we had a tryst with destiny, and we fulfilled those on that day. India gained independence on the 14th of August, 1947 midnight, technically 15th of August after 200 years of oppression and tyranny of the British Empire. The British Empire had kept the entire Indian subcontinent under their subjugation for a period of 200 years and there had been some violent but most non-violent movement and civil disobedience movement to gain freedom from foreign dominion. It was finally attained in the year 1947, but not before the sub continent had been divided on the basis of religion. In 2019, the Independence Day falls on Tuesday. History behind the Indian Independence By the 17th century, the British traders had started establishing themselves in India. By various cunningness and illegal policies the British traders formed an organization called the East India Company and started subjugating various states of India under some pretext or the other. The military strength of the British added the boost needed for the British Government to turn India into one of their most profitable colonies. Following what is considered as the first battle of Independence in 1857 and which the British Government termed as the Sepoy Mutiny of 18578, in 1858 by the decree of Government of India Act 1858 transferred the British Crown the complete power of India. Independence Day in India The extreme tyranny of the British Government and the East India Company soon led the people across the country in desperate situation and civic societies across India started agitation demanding freedom from this oppression. The movement concretized with the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. The period post the World War 1 was the most turbulent in the history of the Indian independence struggle. The British introduced the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms etc, but it was too less and on the other hand the retrogressive and regressive Rowlatt Act sped up the momentum of the independence struggle. Various localized national leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, BHagat Singh, Subhash Chandra Bose and many others clamored for freedom and took to violent movements and uprisings and non-cooepration and peaceful non-violent movement started under Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The Indian participation in World War 2 and the subsequent turmoil and furor back at England and India ware cause for concerns. The British exchequer was completely exhausted and the turbulence and freedom movement is India was on the rise, when the Prime Minister of Clement Attlee along with the parliament in Britain declared that the British government would grant self governance to India. However, it was a bloodied independence as the nation was cut into pieces by the British Government and as a result riots and violence claimed lives of nearly 250,000 and 1,000,000 people on both sides of the country. The Sikh and the Bengal regions were cut into halves. The violence and casualties were mind shattering. However, Finally India gained independence on the 15th of August, 1947. Celebration of Independence Day The Independence Day on the 15th of August, is one amongst the 3 other days which are national holidays. The day is celebrated with passion to commemorate the formation of the biggest democracy of the world. It is celebrated with great devotion and respect in all over the country and on the union territories as well. The President of India addresses the nation through his ‘”Address to the Nation” on the eve of the Independence day and addresses various pertinent social causes relevant to the nation. The Prime Minister of India hoists the tri color from the ramparts of the historical Red Fort or the Lal Qilla. 21 Gun shots are fired. The Prime Min In his speech the Prime Minister talks about the past year’s achievements, pays humble tribute to the architects who had paved the way for the independent India and also urges the citizens to come forward for important issues left unresolved. The Indian national anthem Jana Gana Mana composed by Kaviguru Rabindranath Tagore, is sung with deepest respect. The Indian Armed forces and the Para Military forces then portray their march past ceremony. The Red Road gets filled by people coming to witness this great day’s celebrations. Parades, Pageants and tableaus are showcased portraying the various phases of Independence struggle or the advancement that has been done in various fields by India. In all the states and the Union Territories of India, the tri color is hoisted with a lot of respect and devotion by the Chief Ministers. The Indian flag is hoisted in all the governmental or nongovernmental organizations. Schools and colleges have the flag hoisting ceremony as well. Various cultural programs and discourses, debates are held on the day to commemorate and to never forget what we did now. All the governmental buildings are lit up with lights. The citizens put up tri color at home or wear tri color wristbands or stick them in cars etc to commemorate the importance of this day. Kite flying on this auspicious day has also taken epic proportion. It is as if the symbolical freedom of India from foreign invasion and tyranny. The media, particularly the electronic media on this day transmit the republic day parade live from the Red Fort and shows programs and movies on national integrity to commemorate the sacrifices of those who had laid down their lives to see us live in an independent country. Indian Independence Day celebration abroad There is a major number of Indian Diaspora settled abroad. People organize various functions and parades to commemorate the freedom of their mother land on this day. In the US of America, particularly in New York and various other cities, 15th of August has taken the proportion of being celebrated as India Day.
Hazarat Ali’s Birthday Hazarat Ali is one of the most respected persons in the history of Islam. He was the cousin and the son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad, which makes him belong to the Ahl Al-Bayt, the household of the Prophet. Later he also took over the Islamic Caliphate and ruled from 656 AD to 661 AD with loyalty and devotion. The Sunni sect of the Muslims considers Hazarat Ali to be the final Rashidun – a Caliph who is rightly guided. The Shia sect of Muslims considers Hazarat Ali to be the first Imam and honor his descendants to be the rightful successors of Prophet Muhammad. Hazarat Ali is revered for his deep loyalty towards the Prophet, his courage, his honesty, his knowledge, and also for his generosity which made him forgiving towards his defeated enemies. He is also noted for his flawless interpretation of Quran and clear ideas about Islamic laws. Above all he is loved for treating all Muslims to be equal. According to many Islamic scholars, there are many verses in the Holy Quran that indirectly refer to Hazarat Ali. Brief Life Sketch: Hazarat Ali is believed to have been born on the 13th day of the Islamic month of Rajab around the year 600 AD to Abu Talib and Sayyida Fatima. He was the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad, and is also believed to be the first male to have accepted the religion of Islam. He was also the only person to have ever taken birth within the sacred walls of Kaaba, the Muslim sanctuary in Mecca, which is considered to be the holiest place according to Islam. Hazarat Ali was raised in the household of Prophet Mohammad under the able tutelage of the Prophet himself, and all his life he was extremely devoted and loyal to the Prophet. According to the order of Allah, Prophet Mohammad gave his daughter, Fatimah’s hands to Hazarat Ali in marriage, and through Fatimah Ali had four sons, Hassan and Hussein being the celebrated two amongst them. He ruled over the Islamic Caliphate between 656 and 661 AD as appointed by the Companions of Muhammad (the Sahaba) in Medina. Hazarat Ali participated in almost all the battles fought by the Muslim community in the formative years. During his rule as Caliph, Hazarat Ali had to face Civil War and defiance. In 661 AD Hazarat Ali was attached one morning as he was praying at the mosque of Kufa, and dies from injuries after two days. Date: Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is celebrated in accordance with the lunar based Islamic calendar. As such the date keeps on varying each year when plotted against the modern day calendar. In 2014, Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is on Tuesday, May 13. In 2015, Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is on Saturday, May 02. In 2016, Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is on Thursday, April 21. In 2017, Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is on Monday, April 10. In 2018, Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is on Friday, March 30. In 2019, Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is on Wednesday, March 20. In 2020, Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is on Sunday, March 08. Type of Holiday: Hazarat Ali’s Birthday is not a gazetted or national holiday in India. However, people all across the various cities of the country who observe the occurrence have the option of taking a Restricted Holiday on this day to mark the occasion. Government and private offices remain open on this day though. Also, local businesses, banks and transportation systems in the cities operate in full swing. However, certain Islamic institutions may opt to remain closed on this day. Observances: Hazarat Ali’s birthday is attached a lot of significance by the Muslim community for they look up to the former Caliph even after so many years after his death as an embodiment of honesty, vision, knowledge, faith and courage. Muslims uphold him as generosity personified. Hazarat Ali taught to consider all Muslims to belong to an equal platform. As such, houses are decorated and people visit mosques for special prayers. Sermons are given at the mosques that bear teachings of Hazarat Ali. Public meetings are also arranged for to discuss his teachings and beliefs. Unity of Muslims is sermonized on this day at mosques, meets or even in Islamic educational institutions. Qawwalis (devotional music) are held that praise Hazarat Ali. Apart from India, the other place where his birthday is celebrated with much fanfare is the Shrine of Hazarat Ali in Afghanistan, where (according to one set of beliefs) the Twin Blue Domes house the tomb of Hazarat Ali. Pilgrims from all across the world gather here on this day to pay tribute. However, non Muslims are not allowed to enter the Shrine. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2016 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Guru Tegh Bahadur’s Martyrdom Day Guru Tegh Bahadur's Martyrdom Day is observed each year on November 24. This day commemorates the death anniversary of the ninth Guru of the Sikhs – Guru Tegh Bahadur. The Sikhs lovingly remember Teg Bahadur for his utmost sacrifice to uphold the principle of freedom to observe one’s own religion. The Sikhs consider this to be one of the most important days in their religious calendar. His followers lovingly call him “Hind Di Chaadar” or “The Shield of India”. A brief life history of Guru Tegh Bahadur (1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675): Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikhs who took over on March 20, 1665, following the footsteps of Guru Har Kishan who was his grand nephew. He was the youngest among the five sons born to Guru Hargobind, the sixth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife Nanaki at Tyaga Mal Khatri in Amritsar. He was named Tyag Mal. Amritsar during that time was the center of Sikh culture and heritage, being the seat of the Guru, especially under the able leadership of Guru Hargobind who had shown a lot of valor in a battle against the Mughal Emperor. Tyag Mal was named Tegh Bahadur by Guru Hargobind after he displayed valor in the battle with the Mughals. Tegh Bahadur literally means Mighty of the Sword. Tegh Bahadur was brought up with values and principles of the Sikh culture. He was not only taught the old classics, but also trained in martial arts, archery and horsemanship. From a very young age he had a deep spiritual and mystical temperament. On February 3, 1631 Tegh Bahadur was married to Mata Gujri. In the 1640’s Guru Harkishan moved to their ancestral village of Bakala with his family. There Tegh Bahadur spent his life like an ascetic immersed in meditation and spiritual thinking. Yet he never shied away from his domestic responsibilities or from those towards his family. He also was active for he went out riding and chasing, and made visits outside his hometown. He also paid a visit to the eight Sikh Guru Har Kishan when the Guru was in Delhi. During his stay in Delhi, Guru Har Kishan had suffered from small pox, and his followers wanted him to guide them to the next Guru. The Guru simply said Baba Bakale, meaning that the next Guru would be found in the village of Bakala. Many people tried to take advantage of this ambiguous situation and claimed to be the next Sikh Guru. In fact there were about twenty two people faking this way, the most influential one being Dhir Mall, the nephew of Tegh Bahadur. There was an air of confusion. Meanwhile a wealthy Merchant by the name of Makhan Shah faced a turmoil weather condition in one of his business expeditions where he had his ships carrying valuable goods at sea. He vowed in his mind that he shall offer five hundred gold coins to the Guru if his merchandise could reach his home in a safe condition. His wish was fulfilled. Makhan Shah immediately set out to meet the Sikh Guru, and then he came to know of the confusion that was prevailing. Makhan Shah decided to pay something to all the twenty two people at Bakala who were claiming to be the next Guru. He visited all twenty two of them and offered them two gold coins each. Then a child pointed him to Tegh Bahadur’s house saying that there lived an ascetic in that house. Makhan Shah decided to pay that person his homage too. When Makhan Shah entered the abode of Tegh Bahadur, his family warned the merchant that Tegh Bahadur did not like to attend visitors. Moreover he was meditating then, and the merchant would have to wait if he wanted to meet him. Makhan Shah waited patiently for his turn. When he met Tegh Bahadur, he placed two gold coins before him too. Tegh Bahadur blessed him, smiled and said that he thought that the merchant had pledged for five hundred gold coins. Makhan Shah was elated, he kissed Tegh Bahadur on his feet, and rushed to the roof of the house shouting that the new guru has been found. When the Sikhs heard the story they were overjoyed and much rejoicing was held for many days. Thus, the humble, quiet and pious Tegh Bahadur became the ninth Guru of the Sikhs as the natural successor of Guru Harkrishan. The one person who was not so happy about this incident was Dhir Mal, the grandson of Guru Hargobind. Dhir Mal wanted people to accept him as the next Sikh Guru since he possessed the Guru Granth Sahib that was originally written by Guru Arjan Dev. Dhir Mal planned to assassinate Tegh Bahadur. Tegh Bahadur was attacked in his sleep and his house was ransacked too. Fortunately, Tegh Bahadur was not seriously wounded. The Sikhs retaliated by looting the house of Dhir Mal including the aforementioned Guru Granth Sahib. They presented all the bounty before their Guru Tegh Bahadur. Tegh Bahadur believed in forgiveness. So he ordered everything to be returned to the rightful owner. The Guru practiced what he preached. Through his own living and also through his preaching he was able to mould the conscience of his followers. He also travelled far and wide. It was during this time that the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb was trying to fulfill his dream of converting the whole of India into Islam. Trouble arose in Kashmir at this point. A minority of conversions were done peacefully. This was especially due to the fact that the then Viceroy of Kashmir Iftikhar Khan also followed Aurangzeb’s policy rigorously and carried out conversions, even by force if required. At this juncture a group of Kashmiri Pandits (Hindu Brahmins) approached Tegh Bahadur for his help. The guru asked them to let Aurangzeb know that they were willing to convert into Islam if Tegh Bahadur did so. The Guru was arrested as per the orders of Aurangzeb. Tegh Bahadur was intelligent enough to know that the position of the Sikh Guru may soon again be in jeopardy. As such, before he left, he nominated his son Gobind Rai, who later came to be known as Guru Gobind Singh, to be the next Sikh Guru. Along with Tegh Bahadur some of his followers too were arrested. They were Bhai Dayala, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das. They were kept in confinement in iron cages for three months before they were taken to Delhi before the Emperor where they were tortured so that they embrace Islam. Then the Emperor killed the Guru’s followers before his eyes so make him change his mind. Then the Guru was asked to prove his Divinity, which is refused. When all attempts failed, Aurangzeb beheaded Tegh Bahadur. Gurdwaras have been erected at the sites in Delhi where the execution was done, and where he was cremated. Guru Tegh Bahadur his highly regarded for his sacrifice that proves the Sikh principle of standing for one’s right – whether it is for self or for anybody else. He made a noble attempt to help prevail freedom of practicing one’s own religion in India. Type of Holiday in India: Guru Tegh Bahadur's Martyrdom Day is not a gazetted or national holiday in India. However, people all across the various cities of the country who observe the occurrence have the option of taking a Restricted Holiday on this day to mark the occasion. Government and private offices remain open on this day though. Also, local businesses, banks and transportation systems in the cities operate in full swing. However, certain institutions may opt to remain closed on this day. Observances to mark the occasion: Guru Tegh Bahadur's Martyrdom Day is observed with much reverence by Sikhs all over the country. It is considered to be one of the most valued Sikh festivals. This is because of the fact that the Guru’s sacrifice is an exemplary one, and it establishes the basic Sikh principle of standing up against any discrimination or unfairness, be it on oneself or anyone else for the matter, who may not even belong to one’s own community. To commemorate this occasion, a Prabhat Pheri (Early Morning Parade) is organized where many people join in. the holy march is often accompanied by musicians. Holy scriptures are often recited during the parade. Also, in some parades, devotees also display martial arts. Special prayers are also organized at the Gurdwaras. Kirtans (devotional songs) are also performed. Recitals of holy Sikh scriptures take place. People also give alms to charity. Often at Gurdwaras ‘langar’is also hosted – this is a community kitchen where any person can have a (free) meal. Apart from that, many lectures and discussion panels are also organized for. Here people not only discuss bout the teachings of the Guru, but also get more familiar with his life and his principles – something he held so dear that he never hesitated to sacrifice his life for it. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2016 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Guru Ravidas Jayanti This is a festival that marks the birthday of Guru Ravidas and is celebrated on Magh Purnima, which is the full moon night of the month of Magh according to the Hindi calendar. It pertains to the month of February in the Gregorian calendar. This day is one of the most important days of the Ravidassia religion. Guru Ravidass was the founder of Bhakti movement. It is said that Guru Ravdas was born in Seer Govardhanpur in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. This religion going by the name ‘Rohidas’ in East India, got the most importance and popularity in the 15th century all over India. Legends Associated With Guru Ravidas There are various imminent personalities and legends that are associated with Guru Ravidas. His list of fond disciples also included the queen of Chittorgarh. People believed that she was actually ‘Meera” who eventually got married to the king of Chittorgarh. The Brahmins of Kashi envied the growing popularity of Guru Ravidas and his religion and complained to the King regarding the lower echeloned position of him. An immediate program was held after that in order to honor Guru Ravidas along with a Shobha Yatra. All the details are mentioned in the Ravidas Purana. He proclaimed himself to be a strict follower of Lord Rama. Also regarding himself as a Vaishnava Hindu, he used to describe God or Lord Rama in particular in several forms having names like Raghunath, Ram, Raja Ram Chanda, Gobind and Madho. Meera Bai, who herself was a vehement devotee of Lord Krishna regarded Guru Ravidas as her Guru. He is also acknowledged for creating an imaginary city called ‘Begumpura’ where there is no place for unhappiness, fear, lying or sins and everybody there is given equal importance and treatment. Celebration Every year, this day is celebrated with great pomp and splendor by the devotees and followers of Guru Ravidas. The day is inaugurated with chanting of hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib. The ‘nishaan’ which is the official symbol of the religion is altered ceremoniously on this day. After that there is a special aarti which is followed by a huge gala procession through the streets in the vicinity of the temple. The procession included a Nagar Kirtan along with a huge portrait of Guru Ravidas being taken out accompanied by music and chantings in the background. After this, the devotees are said to take a holy dip in the river Ganga to perform certain rites and rituals. A grand event takes place in the Shri Guru Ravidas Janam Ashthan Mandir every year in Seer, Govardhanpur. Lakhs of devotees turn up at this celebration from all over the world. The place is adorned with flowers and lighting. The impactful teachings of Guru Ravidas have been complied and framed in the fom of ‘Shabds’ in the scriptures Amritbani Guru Ravidas Ji. The year 2016 had marked the 639th birth anniversary of Guru Ravidas and had taken place on the 22nd of February. The 2019 date for this occasion is 19th of February. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2016 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Guru Purnima Guru Purnima is an extremely auspicious day which is celebrated in commemoration to the spiritual Gurus that we have and remember and be grateful for the contribution of them towards mentoring our lives. Gurus are often considered to be as important as the omnipotent and are also looked upon as the bridge between the mortal and the immortal. This day of hailing our spiritual Gurus is generally celebrated by the Hindus, Buddhists and the Jains. It is a day of reflection as to what one has been able to achieve with the teachings of the Gurus. Guru Purnima is celebrated on the full moon day in the month of Ashad according to the traditional Hindu calendar and in July August as per the Gregorian calendar. This day is also intrinsically associated with Guru Veda Vyasa and his incredible contribution towards Hindu religion. Dates of Guru Purnima in the next five years according to the modern day calendar: In 2014, the Guru Purnima date is on Saturday, July 12. In 2015, the Guru Purnima date is on Friday, July 31. In 2016, the Guru Purnima date is on Tuesday, July 19. In 2017, the Guru Purnima date is on Sunday, July 9. In 2018, the Guru Purnima date is on Friday, July 27. In 2019, the Guru Purnima date is on Tuesday, July 16. Who was Veda Vyasa? Vyasa was born to Parashar Rishi and Matsyagandha Satyvati. Veda Vyasa compiled and edited the four Vedas; he composed the 18 Puranas, the Mahabharata and the Srimad Bhagavatam. It was Vyasa who divided the Vedas into four parts of – Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva. It was he who taught Dattatreya, who is considered to be the Guru of Gurus. The Yogic legend of Guru Purnima According to the Yogic legend, around 15,000 years ago there appeared, in the Himalayan mountain region a sage and a yogi. Nobody knew anything about his origin. People gathered to observe him; however he would show little sign than an occasional tear drop from his eyes. Most of the crowds dispersed, but 7 enthusiasts stayed on. When the Yogi opened his eyes, they pleaded to him to explain what emotions he was experiencing. He dismissed them, but these 7 men stayed on and then again the Yogi opened his eyes and seeing the perseverance of these 7 men gave them a simple task to perform and again closed his eyes. After 84 years of meditation, in between these 7 men had stayed on and performed the task assigned to them; the Yogi opened his eyes. It was the day of the summer solstice, the day the sun began its Dakshinayana journey. On the next full moon day the Yogi sat turned to south with these 7 men and gave discourses and expounded to them about life and its ways. These 7 men came to be known as saptarishis and the Yogi is the Adi Yogi. It is he who showed the possibility of human being evolving with the help of consciousness. The Buddhist legend behind Guru Purnima Gautama Buddha after his enlightenment went to Sarnath. He wanted to seek his 5 former companions out and teach them about the life lessons he had gained from enlightenment. The sermon and the discourse that Buddha gave to his 5 companion is known as Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta. This was the start of the Buddhist Sangha. This was done on the day of the full moon or Purnima in the month of Ashada. He also spent the rainy monsoon season that is known as Varsha Vassa at Sarnath. Observance of Guru Purnima This auspicious day is observed by the Buddhists by observing the 8 percepts of life. The devotees practice intense meditation on this day under the guidance of their teachers. During this period many common Buddhist devotees refrain from the consumption of meat, alcohol or give up on smoking. The Hindus remember and commemorate their Gurus by having special pujas on this day. Vyasa is revered and worshipped in many temples with flowers and prasads. A symbolic washing of the Guru’s feet is done and the water distributed as the Charanamrita, or literally nectar derived from the washing of holy feet to the disciples and devotees. The Guru Gita, a 216 verse ode which was written by Vyasa himself is chanted the whole day and other bhajns and kirtans are performed. This is a day when the commitment to follow on the path laid down by the Guru is reconfirmed and the Guru’s contribution is revered. A mantra chanted on this day is as follows –‘Gurur Brahma, Gurur Vishnu, Gurur Devo Maheshwara, Guru Sakshat Parabrahmah Tasmai Shree Guru Veh Namah’, which literally means that Guru is the Brahma , Guru is the Vishnu and Guru is the Maheshwara to me. And to me Guru is the epitome of the ultimate Brahma and I lay in humble submission to my Guru. In Jainism too this day is observed with deep respect as the 24th Tirthankara, Mahavira after attaining Kaivalya Gyan made Indrabhuti Gautam his first disciple on this auspicious day. Thus on this day Mahavira became a Guru and Gautam who later came to be known as Gautam Swami his first disciple. Irrespective of any religion this day marks the deep respect shown by the devotees and the disciples towards their Gurus, their teachers and their mentors. It is a day of self realization and the day to acknowledge the contribution of the teachers and mentors in lives. 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Guru Nanak Jayanti Guru Nanak Jayanti is a time for great celebration and rejoicing for the Sikh community all over the world. Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of the Sikh community and the Sikh religion. Guru Nanak Jayanti is also known as Gurpurab, as in literal sense too it is a day which is the festival of the Gurus. Because Guru Nanak enlightened the world with his teachings, the day is also known as Prakash Utsav. Guru Nanak was born on the purnima in the month of Kartick as per traditional Hindu calendar, and according to Gregorian calendar he was born in the month of November on a full moon day. He was born in Rai-Bhoi-di Talwandi, which is currently in the Shekhupura district near Lahore in Pakistan. In 2019, Guru Nanak Jayanti will be celebrated on the November 12th. Life of Guru Nanak Dev Born to the Patwari or the accountant Kalyan Chand Das Bedi and mata Tripta, Nanak had started showing sparks of what he was to become from childhood. He had one sister Bebe Nanaki and Nanak moved with her to Sultanpur when she got married. He had been exceptional in school and his matured answer had always left everyone awestruck. Certain childhood accounts talk about his miraculous escape from near death from heat or cobra are noted. In the year 1487, Nanak married Mata Sulakkhani,who was the daughter of Mūl Chand and Chando Rāṇī. They had two sons called Sri Chand and Lakshmi Chand. When he was nearing 30 years of age, Nanak went missing and his clothes were found near a stream called Kali Bein. Everyone took him for dead. Nanak returned after 3 days and stayed completely silent. The next day he spoke and said – that there is neither Hindu nor Mussalman, but only one man. One should follow God’s path as God was neither Hindu nor Mussalman. This was the beginning of Sikhism. Nanak apparently said that he had been to the court of the God, where he was offered a cup of nectar. It is believed that Guru Nanak four major journeys, including Bengal, Assam, Manipur, Sri Lanka, Kashmir, Ladakh till Beghdad, Mecca , Medina etc. his travels are known as Udasis. There are believed to be three essential tenets to practice and observe Sikhism- Vand Chakko – this means helping the ones with less and sharing with those who are needy Kirat Karo – this means earning or making a living without any dishonesty Naam Japna- meditating or jaapna of the God’s name to control and overcome our weaknesses. Ceremonies and rituals of Guru Nanak Jayanti Celebrations for Guru Nanak Jayanti start from almost 48 hours prior to the actual day as the Akhand Path starts. The Akhand Path or non-stop reading of the Guru Granth Sahib takes about 48 hours and are held in the Gurdwaras. The day before the birthday, there is a Nagar Kirtan held. There are Prabhat Pheris held in the earl morning. The devotees visit the Gurdwara early in the morning and start chanting the Gurus name. The Nagar Kirtan is headed by the ‘Panj Pyaras’ or the five beloved ones. The ‘Panj Pyaras’ head the procession, carrying the Sikh flag called the Nishan Sahib and the Palki of Guru Granth sahib. These are followed by singers and devotees singing hymns. They are followed by brass bands playing different tunes and the Gatka team, or the warrior team displays their prowess with the swords and various martial arts. The day of the birthday of Guru Nanak dawns clear and the festivities begin at 4 to 5 am. This is the time which is known as Amrit Vela and the day starts with the Asa-di-Var or the morning hymns. This is followed by Katha, where poems, quotes and hymns based on Nanak’s life are spoken about. After the exposition of Katha, Kirtan in praise of the Guru is sung. This is followed by the great communal lunch called Langar. This communal lunch is organized by the Gurdwaras along with the devotees. The idea to have a communal lunch is to let everyone be the same in the eyes of the Guru and to reinstate what he preached about everyone being equal. Karseva or service to the community by cooking and helping serve in Guru Ka Langar is important on this day. Some Gurdwaras hold the night prayer sessions, where Rehras or the evening prayer session is held, followed by Kirtan. Devotees start singing Gurbani at around 1.20 at night which continues till 2 at night. This is believed to be the time the Guru was originally born. This celebration ends at around 2 AM. Celebrations of Guru Nanak Jayanti State governments take great interest in celebrating the Guru Nanak Jayanti. It has been declared a gazette holiday by the Indian government. The Goldeb Temple or the Swarna Mandir sees a steady stream of devotees since the 3 days and particularly on the last day. All the houses are decked up with fairy lights on this day. All the Gurdwaras organize special Kirtans for the devotees to enjoy. Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh are all abuzz with activities and decorated beautifully. Countries outside like USA, UK or Canada too celebrate the Guru Nanak Jayanti with a lot of fanfare and devotion. The festival reinstates the importance of truth, morality and hard work in our modern lives. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2016 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Guru Govind Singh Jayanti Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth and the last living Gurus of the Sikhs. He was not only a Guru. He was a warrior fighting off others to protect Sikhism; he was a spiritual leader and a philosopher, who had to don the mantle of his father Guru Teg Bahadur when he was only 9 years old. Guru Gobind Singh was the last living Guru of the Sikhs because he died without leaving a successor as four of his sons had attained martyrdom. His remarkable contribution other than trying to ward off the enemies of the Sikhs, was to give them the Five Ks. He was born on the 22nd of December as per Julian calendar. In 2019, his birth ceremony will be commemorated on January 5th. Dates of Guru Govind Singh Jayanti in the next five years according to the modern day calendar: In 2014, the Guru Govind Singh Jayanti date is on Tuesday, January 7. In 2019, the Guru Govind Singh Jayanti date is on Monday, January 5. In 2016, the Guru Govind Singh Jayanti date is on Saturday, January 16. In 2019, the Guru Govind Singh Jayanti date is on Thursday, January 5. In 2019, the Guru Govind Singh Jayanti date is on Friday, January 5. Life of Guru Gobind Singh Ji Guru Gobind Singh was the only son of Guru Teg Bahadur and his mother was called Mata Gujri. He was born on the 22 December 1666 as per the Julian calendar. After numerous ups and downs, in 1699, Guru Gobind Singh asked all his followers to congregate at the Anantpur Sahib on 30th March, Vaisakhi day. Upon being asked by him as how his followers saw him, they all answered that he was their Guru. Then he asked for volunteers who were willing to risk their lives for him and the religion. In the 3rd call someone volunteered. Guru Govind Singh took him inside his tent and came back with a sword, dripping blood. In this way the Guru asked for 4 more people. When all the five came out they were all dressed in new clothes. After this the Guru poured water in an iron bowl and added Punjabi Patashas. He then stirred it with a double edged sword and recited the Adi Granth with it. He called this the Amrit and gave it to the 5 men. These 5 men came to be known as the PanjPyare or the Five beloved ones. He also started the rallying cry of the Khalsa- Waheguru ji ka Khalsa, Waheguru ji Ki Fateh’ or Khalsa belongs to God and victory belongs to God. He administered that the Sikhs should have the five Ks. Kesh or uncut hair, Kangha or a wooden comb, Kara an iron bracelet, Kirpan a sword and Kacchera or shorts. However the formation of the Khalsa did not go down well with other Hindu kings and who wanted to evict Guru Govind Singh from that region. After the First Battle of Anandpur in 1700 the hill states formed an understanding with the Guru that he will leave Anandpur Sahib. Accordingly he left Anandpur but was again drawn in the Battle of Basoli where they were able to thwart the army of Raja of Kangra and the Mughal forces. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb tricked Guru Govind Singh and attacked them the moment they left Anandpur after an understanding and a letter from Aurangzeb. The Guru’s two sons along with his mother strayed away from him and he had to flee from the Mughal armies in disguise. His two boys were executed by Wazir Khan, the governor of Sirhind. After a life full of struggle, trials and tribulations Bahadur Shah 1 and the Guru got into an understanding post Aurangzeb’s death. But Wazir Khan was unhappy with the situation and employed two assassins to kill Guru Govind Singh. An assassin jamshed khan stabbed the Guru in his left chest below the heart. Despite the wound being treated, it reopened and caused severe bleeding. Realizing that his days were numbered, Guru Govind Singh declared the guru Granth Sahib as the next Guru of the Sikhs. Celebration of Guru Govind Singh Jayanti This is a festival where prayers are offered for the prosperity of the community. Large processions are organized on this day which goes through the streets and the neighborhoods. People sing devotional songs and offer sharbat and sweets to all and sundry. There are also special prayer meetings held on this day at the Gurdwaras. Before the day, a 48 hours Akhand Path of the Granth Sahib is held which culminates on this day. A day prior to the birthday celebrations, the Five Panj Pyare s take out a palanquin carrying the Guru Granth sahib. In the morning of the celebrations, people wake early and sing the Asa-di-var and chants from the Guru Granth sahib. A langar (community charitable meal) is organized in the Gurdwaras on this day serving food to everyone throughout the day. This day is celebrated by the Sikh community with great and utmost religious fervor as he was the last and tenth of the Sikh Gurus and after him no human being was ever accorded the status of the Guru again. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2016 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Ganesh Chaturthi Lord Ganesh, Lord Vinayaka or Ganesh Ji is perhaps the most adored and loved amongst all Hindu Gods and Goddesses. The elephant headed God is also perhaps the only God who brings forth together people and devotees of all races, castes and creed. Lord Ganesh is devoutly worshipped as the God of prosperity, fortune and wisdom. Ganesh Chaturthis is a way of life in many parts of India celebrated with huge pomp and vivacity and may be with little fewer splendors probably in other parts of the country. When are Ganesh Jayanti/ Vinayaka Chaturthi celebrated? Each lunar month, according to the Hindu calendars have two tithis. As per the ancient Hindu scriptures, the Chaturthi tithis belong to the Lord Ganeshji. It is believed that Lord Ganeshji was born during the Chaturthi of the Shukla Paksha or the full moon of the Bhadrapada month. Thus the Chaturthi after the Amavasya is known as Vinayaka Chaturthi. Dates of Ganesh Chaturthi in the next five years according to the modern day calendar: In 2017, the Ganesh Chaturthi date is on Friday, August 25. In 2018, the Ganesh Chaturthi date is on Thursday, September 13. In 2019, the Ganesh Chaturthi date is Monday, September 2. How are the Ganesh Jayanti/ Vinayaka Chaturthi celebrated? During the Ganesh Chaturthi the idol or the Vigraha of Ganesh ji is brought home during the periods of labh, Shubh or the Amrit Choghadia. The Ganesh Avahana or welcoming time is looked up from the panchang. Post bringing the Ganesh idol home, the Sthapna or what can be called the Installation of the Idol needs to be done. Ganesh Chaturthi From the pages of Mythology: According to the Hindu Time frame a day is divided in to five parts, Pratahkala, Sangava, Madhyahna, Aparahna and Sayankal. Ganesh Pujan or the puja is preferred during the Madhyahna on the Ganesh Chaturthi day as it is believed that Ganesha was born during the Madhyahna kal, or the afternoon, roughly between 12.33 to 15.35 Pm. The Muhurat between this times mentioned is considered to be the best time to perform the Ganesh Puja and to carry out any kind of important work. Thus during the midday the devotees carry out all the rituals of the puja which is called the Shodashopachara Ganapati Puja or carrying out the Ganpati puja with all sixteen items. There is a saga related to the non-sighting of the moon on Ganesh Chaturthi. As per the legends, once Lord Krishna was falsely accused of stealing the precious jewel Syamantaka. Seeing Lord Krishna s state, Lord Narada informed him that anyone who saw the moon on the Bhadrapada Shukla Chaturthi would be cursed and would be falsely alleged or given mithya dosham. This was because Lord Ganesha had cursed God Chandra or the Moon God. Thus, Lord Krishna observed Ganesh Chaturthi to come out of the false allegation. Since then watching the moon on the day of Ganesh Chaturthi is prohibited as it may lead to being false allegation. Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated with great devotion. He is the God who is invoked before any ritual according to the Hindu shastra. He is called the Sarva Bighna Binashayak, or the destroyer of all obstacles. He is the harbinger of all prosperity and all things good. The Ganeshotsav, or the Ganesha festival ends after ten days, on Anant Chaturdashi or the day when the ganesh Visarjan; or the immersion of the Ganesh idols takes place. The Gvolent deianesha idols are carried to the water body amidst great fanfare and street processions. Lord Ganpati was revered as the benevolent deity of the Peshwas who ruled Maharashtra.
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