Gandhi Jayanti Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated in India on the 2nd of October every year to commemorate the birth anniversary of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who has been unofficially conferred the title of Father of the Nation. It is also the day that the United Nations has declared as the International Day of Non Violence. Gandhi Jayanti is one amongst the 3 gazette holidays in India. He was and is known as Bapu for his extreme compassion towards the people of all race and creed and for the downtrodden of the society at a time when casteism was rampant. He is a pre eminent figure in the Indian independence struggle and revered as such. In 2016 Gandhi Jayanti will be observed on a Sunday. Who was Mahatma Gandhi? Mahatma Gandhi is one of the national leaders of the first order, born and brought up in Gujarat, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi trained in law at the Inner Temple college in London. He worked in South Africa where he first used the theory of civil disobedience. He returned to India and got involved in Indian National Congress and subsequently assumed the leading role in India’s struggle for independence from the British colonial rule. Early life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in a business family in Porbandar on 2nd of October 1869. His father was the Diwan of the princely estate. Restless as a child, the stories of Shravana and King Harishchandra had great impact of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. While continuing with his basic education, when he was 13, Mohandas Karamchand was married to 14 year old Kasturbai Mkhanji Kapadia in a child marriage. Later on they went to have 4 sons. Gandhi Jayanti In 1887 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi completed his matriculation and was considered to be good enough to pursue law and become a barrister. In London, Gandhi studied at the Inner Temple pursuing Law and Jurisprudence. After graduating he came back to Bombay, now Mumbai but couldn’t pursue a successful career as he could never cross examine the witnesses. However he took a one year’s contract and went to South Africa to earn a livelihood. In South Africa Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi faced severe discrimination targeted at all colored people. These discriminatory activities and social injustices prompted a spark in him and was the turning point of his life, where he learnt to stand up against injustice and spoke for justice. When Gandhi came back to India in 1915 he was proficient in public speaking fundraising promotions etc. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi then joined Indian National Congress and demanded for the independence of India. The British Government did not recognize the demands, but started dialogues and negotiations. He propounded the doctrine of non violence and swaraj. He organized the Dandi march, where he walked 388 kilometers against the tax levied on salt, sat for long hunger strikes and peaceful resistance to demand complete independence from the British rulers. He led the Champaran and the Kheda agitation in 1918 in Bihar and Gujarat. Gandhi was a champion for women’s emancipation. He strongly opposed purdah, untouchability, child marriage, oppression of the widows etc and spoke vociferously against such causes. He inculcated women volunteers in the salt tax movement and the boycott of foreign products. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was kept imprisoned for 2 years in Aga Khan Palace in Pune during which his wife Kasturba and personal assistant passed away. He himself became severely unwell with a strong bout of malaria. He was released in 1944 due to the requirement of an immediate surgery and failing health. Gandhi was strongly against the partition of India on the basis of religion and language. During the independence Gandhi was in Kolkata along with Shaheed Suhrawardy trying to stop riots and communal killings, and it is believed that had it not been for his efforts, then the bloodshed and body count would have been much higher. He was assassinated in the garden of Birla House on the 30th of January 1948 by Nathuram Godse. Gandhi Jayanti celebration at Raj Ghat Raj Ghat is the place where Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was cremated. A memorial has been erected there where millions of people come to pay their homage. In Raj Ghat on Gandhi Jayanti the prayer meeting is attended by the Prime Minister, The President and various other dignitaries as well as thousands of common man. Gandhiji’s most favorite song Raghupati Raghava Taja tam is also sung on this occasion. Flowers and garlands are heaped at his feet as a token of respect. Gandhi Jayanti celebrations in School In most of the schools, Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated with serious devotion. There are various debates, discussion and other commemorative services organized in memory of Mahatma Gandhi. Children are encouraged to write speeches on Gandhi’s life lessons. Very small children on this day come dressed as Mahatma Gandhi, or lovingly and respectfully known as Bapu. Other than this, various socio-cultural organizations present awards for non-violence, People perform various memorial services and prayers all over the country, all the state headsgarland the statues of Gandhiji as a mark of respect. Three places have the most important memorial services to commemorate Gandhi Jayanti. One is the place where Bapu was assassinated, the Martyr’s Column in New Delhi, the Raj Ghat where he was cremated and the meeting place of the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati in Allahabad, the Triveni Sangam. Gandhiji’s most favorite song, ‘Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram”, a bhajan really, is performed in all the occasions that are held on this day. On this day all the schools, colleges and offices remain closed in honor of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2019 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Epiphany Epiphany is a traditional Christian feast that is celebrated on January 6 each year by most people of the Christian community. However, the Churches that follow the Julian calendar system observe the day on January 19 to cover the period difference of 13 days between the Julian calendar and the modern day Gregorian calendar. Epiphany marks the day that Jesus Christ was revealed to the world as the son of God by the three wise men (Magi) who visited baby Jesus and baptized him. Coinage: The term Epiphany has been derived from the Greek word “epiphaneia” which literally translated means “to appear” or “to manifest”. History: The origin of Epiphany has been attributed to the Eastern Christian Churches who celebrated the incarnation of Jesus Christ on this day. The celebrations commemorated the birth of Christ, the visit of the Magi and also Jesus’ childhood leading up to his Baptism in Jordan by John the Baptist. The date of Epiphany was fixed to be on the January 6th pretty early in the history. However, Western Christians have often attributed the day to be “Revelation (of Jesus) to the Gentiles” as mentioned in Luke where Gentiles refer to every non-Jewish person in the world. The Biblical Magi are considered to be non Jewish and represent all non-Jewish persons of the world, and it is on this day that they paid homage to Baby Jesus accepting His supremacy. The earliest evidence of the celebration of Epiphany is found in 361 AD. In 385 AD a pilgrim by the name of Egeria or Silvia described about the celebrations of Epiphany in Jerusalem and Bethlehem. On December 25, 380 AD, the records find St. Gregory of Nazianzus to be referring to this day as the “Theophania” leading to the alternative name of the Feast the “Theophany”, a day that establishes the Nativity of Christ. According to the version of St. John Cassian the Egyptian monasteries celebrated the Nativity and Baptism of Christ on this day even in the beginning of 5th century. Celebrations around the world: A wide array of customs is involved in the traditional celebrations of Epiphany around the world. Argentina: Known as “Día de los Reyes”, this is the day when Christmas décor is traditionally put away. Children leave their shoes by the door and grass and water for the camel of the Wise Men of the East who are expected to leave them a present. Bulgaria: Known as “Bogoyavlenie”, on this day a priest throws a wooden cross to the sea amidst drum rolls and bagpipes, while young men race to retrieve it. It is considered honorable to attempt to retrieve the cross and the one who manages to do that is said to have a blessed year. England: The English traditions include mumming plays and also drinking wassail (cider). The Yule log is kept burning in the hearths till this day and the charcoal left is then kept aside to kindle the Yule log in the coming year. Spicy food items are served on this day to honor the costly spices that the Magi brought along with them. The cooks also often served thirteen types of jam tarts as a symbol of luck. In ancient times playing practical jokes on each other was also part of the celebrations. Another tradition is the King Cake – a cake that would contain a baked bean – when the cake is cut and served, whoever gets the baked bean is treated like a King for the day. Finland: Known as Loppiainen, Epiphany is a day to focus on Missionary work. There exists an orthodox custom of dipping the cross three times to bless water. Traditional spice cookies called Piparkakut are served on this day – people are expected to take a cookie in their palm, break it into three pieces, make a silent wish before eating it – wishes thus made are believed to come true. France: The custom of King Cake prevails in France, but the charm included in the cake is generally a porcelain or plastic figurine. The youngest member present is asked to cut the cake. Egypt and Greece: In these places, the custom exists of blessing homes – priests visit the homes of respective parishioners to bless. The custom of throwing a cross in a water body by a priest for young men to compete and retrieve also exists – the one who retrieves the crossed is believed to have luck all round the year. Guadeloupe: Here Epiphany marks the beginning of the Kannaval or Carnival season that lasts till the night before Ash Wednesday. The peculiarity of the carnival is that the end of it is marked by “grand brilé Vaval” or cremation of the Carnival King amidst wails and cries of the assembled crowd. India: For the Christians in India, the day marks the end of the Christmas season and as such is celebrated in forms of fairs and parades held often in or around the Church grounds. Nativity Scenes are removed from homes and churches on this day. Parades often include three boys dressed as the Three Kings. In Cansaulim (South Goa) this carnival spirit is celebrated at a grand scale that attracts tourists from all over the world. Ireland: This is the day for the women of households to rest themselves after the heavy workload of Christmas season. As such the day is also known as Women’s Christmas or Little Christmas. Women get together for special meals on this day and often receive gifts from family members. Another tradition is to burn the Christmas holly used for décor purposes in the fireplace. Mexico: The night before Epiphany, figurines of the Three Wise Men are incorporated in the Nativity Scene, and it is believed that there men leave gifts near the shoes of children. Roscón de reyes is traditionally served on this day. Philippines: The long Christmas season comes to an end on the day of Epiphany. Three Men dressed as “Tatlonghari” ride along in neighborhoods distributing small token to children. Poland: Known as “Trzech Króli” (Three Kings), Epiphany is Poland marks the beginning of the season of Zapusty (Carnival), and also when Paczki (doughnuts) are served. Carnivals are held where three men are chosen to dress up in grandeur to represent the Three Kings who ride a camel or some other animal, and hand over small tokens to children. House blessing is also a tradition as is “King Cakes”. United States: Apart from the ritual of the King Cake, in some parts of the United States, Epiphany marked the beginning of the Carnival Season. The day is also considered apt for balls, dances and weddings. In some places a wooden Cross is thrown in a water body and young men are encouraged to find it – whoever does so is said to be blessed for the year. In some other parts costume parties are thrown and fruit cakes are baked to be tossed – competition are held on the best costume and also the farthest throw of the cake. Wales: Epiphany is known as Ystwyll in Wales. On this day a huge loaf of cake was prepared in which is hidden a ring. The cake is first cut into three to honor the shares of Christ, Virgin Mary and the Magi. Then the cake was shared among friends, family and neighbors. Whoever go the ring in his/her piece was elected the King/Queen and was allowed to preside of the day’s functions. Another tradition involves young men go hunting for Wren or Sparrow – the bird would then be kept in an ornamental cage and taken from home to home where people would give money or food for the sight. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2019 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Emancipation Day Emancipation Day commemorates the liberation of slaves of African origin from bondage mostly in the British colonies. The day also upholds the emancipation of any kind of servitude like serfdom etc. In the United States, Emancipation Day is observed annually on April 16 since on this day in the year 1982 the then President of the United States Abraham Lincoln signed the Compensated Emancipation Act that gifted freedom to more than 3000 slaves. Washington DC marks the occasion on this day. Some other parts of USA like Florida, Texas and Puerto Rico observe the day on different dates. Background: Until the year 1865 in most areas of the United Slaves of America, slavery was considered legal. Slaves were mostly people of African origin while the owners of such slaves were mostly people of European descent. Although some other prosperous groups also owned slaves, the majority belonged to the European settlers. By the year 1860, the numbers of slaves in the United States were estimated to be four million. In the year 1862, on the 16th day of the month of April, the then President of the United States Abraham Lincoln signed the Compensated Emancipation Act. This brought about liberation of more than three thousand slaves in the District of Columbia. However, slavery still continued in the other parts of the United States. Slavery and racial discriminations were pretty rampant in the then society of America. After the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, the scenario started to change. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution played a key role in the process by formally abolishing slavery in the United States. The proposition was laid on January 31, 1865. The same was ratified in the same year by 30 among the then 36 States of the United States of America. Mississippi ratified the same only in the year 1995. In Washington DC, Emancipation Day observations are held on the anniversary of the signing of the Compensated Emancipation Act on April 16 by Abraham Lincoln in the year 1862. On the 4th of January 2005 this date was made an official State holiday in the District of Columbia by signing a legislation. However, the day is marked on different dates in some other parts of the country. Florida celebrates the day on May 20, Puerto Rico on March 22 while in Texas it is observed on June 19. Observances in some different parts of USA: Washington DC: In Washington DC the Emancipation Day is celebrated on April 16 to commemorate the signing of the famous Emancipation proclamation by the then President of US Abraham Lincoln in the year 1862. This is the only example where former owners of such slaves were compensated by the federal government. A series of celebrations take place on this day including parades and speeches. Since 2002, the hard work and research of Ms. Loretta Carter-Hanes raised the bars, and the celebrations reached new heights. In 2007, the part of the celebrations of this day included the extension of the tax filing day. Florida: In the State of Florida, an unofficial commemoration of Emancipation Day is held on May 20th each year. This is because on this day on the year 1865 the first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation was held on the steps of the Knott House in a speech given by Major General Edward McCook. Mississippi: In Mississippi the day has been colloquially termed as the "Eight o' May", and as the name suggests the day is annually commemorated on May 8. This was the day when in the year 1865 the African American slaves in eastern Mississippi learnt the fact that they have been freed. Texas: In Texas the day has been colloquially termed as the "Juneteenth", and as the name suggests the day is annually commemorated on June 19 to commemorate the announcement of Abolition of Slavery in the State of Texas. Since the later part of the 20th Century some people have proposed to recognize this day as the National Emancipation Day. Kentucky: Emancipation day in Kentucky is celebrated on August 8th especially in the counties of Paducah and McCracken for according to the records this was the day when the slaves of that region learnt about their freedom. U.S. Virgin Islands: In the U.S. Virgin Islands the official day of commemorating the Emancipation Day is July 3 to mark the anniversary abolition of slavery on this day in the year 1848 by Danish Governor Peter von Scholten. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2016 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Bakri Id/Eid ul-Adha Eid al-Adha or Bakrid is one of the most important festivals celebrated by Muslims all over the world. It is also known as Id-ul-Zuha and is celebrated by almost all Muslims amidst prayers, greeting near and dear ones and by exchanging gifts. It is also known as the festival of sacrifice, where the great Ibrahim was about to sacrifice his son Ishmael at the willingness of God without a second thought. While sacrificing his son, he realized that his son was safe and an animal had been sacrificed and the God was only testing his devotion. It is also a wonderful symbolist incident where it is clearly indicated that God does not ever want human sacrifice in any ways. According to the traditional Islamic calendar which is moon based, the Id-ul-Zuha or Eid al-Adha is observed from the 10th day of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah and continues up to 4 days. The date finally depends upon the sighting of the moon.In the year 2019, this festival will most likely be observed on the 11th of August. Legend behind Eid al-Adha According to the Quran and Islamic tradition, prophet Ibrahim brought his baby child Ishmael and his Arabian wife Hajar from Arabia to the rocky and barren land of Mecca and left them there. Whatever supplies he left, soon finished and Hajar seeing her baby child in distress kept running 7 times between the two hills al-Safa and al-Marwah to seek water. She finally fell down beside the child in sheer exhaustion, when miraculously a spring of water sprang from near the feet of Ishmael. This is the Zamzam well. They not only survived but also traded that water off for their basic livelihood. Bakri Id/Eid ul-Adha Many years later, God instructed Ibrahim to return to Mecca and build a place of worship for him near the Zamzam well. Ibrahim along with his son Ishmael prepared a stone structure known as the Kabaa which was to become the most religious place for the Muslims, who seek to strengthen their belief in Allah. Allah further tested Ibrahim by asking him to sacrifice his only son, Ishmael. Hearing the wish and commandment of God, Ibrahim started preparing for the inevitable. The Devil or Shaitan tried demoralizing Ibrahim by trying to dissuade him from preparing his son. However, Ibrahim stood resolute and tried to drive away the Shaitan by throwing stones at him. When Ibrahim was about to cut the throat of his son, he suddenly realized that a dead Ram lay where Ishmael had been, and thus saved Ishmael and also sent a strong message. Ibrahim had proved that the God’s commandment or Allah/s wish was the most important and for that Muslims commemorate this ultimate act of sacrifice by Ibrahim each year through Eid al-Adha. Rituals of Eid al-Adha or Bakriid The day starts with all the Muslim people having a cleansing bath or wudu and donning new clothes. They then visit the mosque to pray to the almighty. They also offer the Salat al-Fajr or the pre-sunrise prayer Taqbir is recited before and after praying to Allah. Since the festival commemorates the sacrifice of Ibrahim, symbolic sacrifice is mandatory. Animals like camel, goat, sheep, Cow etc are sacrificed. These animals have to meet with certain specifications which are laid down by religious scriptures. Wealthy families are expected to sacrifice an animal each. The not so wealthy families can join from 7 families to 70 families and sacrifice one animal. After the sacrifice two thirds of the meat is distributed amongst the poor and one third portion is retained for family and friend consumption. Though this is purely optional. After the prayers, zakat or alms is given to the poor. People later on visit family friends and relatives to exchange eid greetings. The eid prayers are performed any time after the sun completely rises. Eid prayer is considered to be Fard Kifaya or a communal obligation. Significance of Eid al-Adha This is a festival which teaches the underlying meaning that for the sake of God we must be ready to renounce our most loved things. One must always follow the commandments of Allah with the deepest faith. It also spreads the message of compassions, joy and togetherness. Legend behind Eid al-Adha According to the Quran and Islamic tradition, prophet Ibrahim brought his baby child Ishmael and his Arabian wife Hajar from Arabia to the rocky and barren land of Mecca and left them there. Whatever supplies he left, soon finished and Hajar seeing her baby child in distress kept running 7 times between the two hills al-Safa and al-Marwah to seek water. She finally fell down beside the child in sheer exhaustion, when miraculously a spring of water sprang from near the feet of Ishmael. This is the Zamzam well. They not only survived but also traded that water off for their basic livelihood. Many years later, God instructed Ibrahim to return to Mecca and build a place of worship for him near the Zamzam well. Ibrahim along with his son Ishmael prepared a stone structure known as the Kabaa which was to become the most religious place for the Muslims, who seek to strengthen their belief in Allah. Allah further tested Ibrahim by asking him to sacrifice his only son, Ishmael. Hearing the wish and commandment of God, Ibrahim started preparing for the inevitable. The Devil or Shaitan tried demoralizing Ibrahim by trying to dissuade him from preparing his son. However, Ibrahim stood resolute and tried to drive away the Shaitan by throwing stones at him. When Ibrahim was about to cut the throat of his son, he suddenly realized that a dead Ram lay where Ishmael had been, and thus saved Ishmael and also sent a strong message. Ibrahim had proved that the God’s commandment or Allah/s wish was the most important and for that Muslims commemorate this ultimate act of sacrifice by Ibrahim each year through Eid al-Adha. Rituals of Eid al-Adha or Bakriid The day starts with all the Muslim people having a cleansing bath or wudu and donning new clothes. They then visit the mosque to pray to the almighty. They also offer the Salat al-Fajr or the pre-sunrise prayer Taqbir is recited before and after praying to Allah. Since the festival commemorates the sacrifice of Ibrahim, symbolic sacrifice is mandatory. Animals like camel, goat, sheep, Cow etc are sacrificed. These animals have to meet with certain specifications which are laid down by religious scriptures. Wealthy families are expected to sacrifice an animal each. The not so wealthy families can join from 7 families to 70 families and sacrifice one animal. After the sacrifice two thirds of the meat is distributed amongst the poor and one third portion is retained for family and friend consumption. Though this is purely optional. After the prayers, zakat or alms is given to the poor. People later on visit family friends and relatives to exchange eid greetings. The eid prayers are performed any time after the sun completely rises. Eid prayer is considered to be Fard Kifaya or a communal obligation.
Milad un-Nabi/ Eid-e-Milad This is an Islamic festival commemorating the birthday of Prophet Mohammad and is generally observed every year on the 12th day of the Rabi al – awwal which is the third month based on the Islamic Calendar for the Sunni sect of Muslims and the 17th of the same month for the Shia sect. Also known by the names, Donba, Gani, this 12th day is the most widely accepted date of birth of Muhammad from a list of various birth dates. It’s recognized as a gazette national holiday in nearly all of the Muslim-majority countries including countries like India and except ones like Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Muhammad was believed to be the last prophet of Islam born in the year 570 of the Gregorian calendar. Islamic stores, schools and business organizations are kept closed partially or for the whole day as most denominations of Islam take part in the celebrations. In the year 2019, Milad Ul Nabi will start from the hour of sunset on the 9th of November till the nightfall of 10th November. Origin The origin of this festival can be traced back to the period of the earliest four Rashidun Caliphs of Islam. The birth of Muhammad had taken place in Mecca which is now known as Saudi Arabia however his exact date of birth is debatable. Milad un-Nabi/ Eid-e-Milad That’s the reason the Sunni sect of Muslims and the Shia sect celebrates it on different dates. The term “Mawlid” is used to refer to the birthday of both the Prophet as well as local Sufi saints in countries like Egypt and Sudan. The birthdays of about 3000 Sufi Saints are celebrated. The word “Mawlid” or “Milad” is derived from the Arabic word for birth and is usually used to indicate to Prophet Muhammad’s birthday. This was declared as an official holiday in 1588 by the Ottomans. Celebration On this day, people read out the Hadith i.e. the narrations describing the life and deeds of Prophet Muhammad as well as the teachings and events in his life to enlighten followers. There are large street parades in some countries with religious singing and homes of Muslims and mosques are also brightly lit and decorated. Some people tend to donate food and clothes to beggars on this day to earn merit. Many families have get – together where the younger members of the family or the kids read out poems based on events in Muhammad’s life. Many Muslims abstain from celebrating this occasion considering it an unnecessary religious observance and may spend greater time in reading the Koran on this day. Muhammad is believed to be born on a Monday and due to this fact, some people keep a fast during the daylight hours on Monday.
Dussehra Dussehra or Vijayadashami is one of the most important Hindu festivals that is celebrated. It is a festival and an observance that celebrates the victory of good over evil, the destruction of wrong under right. This is the culmination of the nine days of Navaratri that is revered by Hindu devotees. This is the day when the festivities that begin from the Maha Saptami of Durga Puja come to an end. Dashami is the last day of the Puja and the Goddess is bade adieu on this day. Dussehra is the occasion that signifies the defeat of Ravana in the hands of Rama. This auspicious day is celebrated in the month of Ashwin on the tenth day according to traditional Hindu calendar, and as per Gregorian calendar, this is observed in the month of September October. In 2016, this will be celebrated on the 30th September, Saturday. Dates of Dussehra in the next five years according to the modern day calendar: In 2014, the Dussehra date is Saturday, October 4. In 2019, the Dussehra date is on Thursday, October 22. In 2016, the Dussehra date is on Tuesday, October 11. In 2019, the Dussehra date is on Saturday, September 30. In 2019, the Dussehra date is Friday, October 19. Origin of Dussehra or Vijayadashami Rama’s victory over Ravana It is believed that in the Treta Yuga, the seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu, who was the king of Ayodhya vanquished the king of Lanka, Ravana, who had kidnapped Lord Rama’s wife Sita while she was alone. Lord Rama along with his younger brother Lakshmana, his trusted aide Hanumana, fought a long and arduous battle to save Sita from the clutches of Ravana who had kept her imprisoned in his island kingdom. Rama in order to defeat Ravana, who was almost invincible and was a great disciple of Lord Shiva; performed the Chandi Homa to invoke the blessings of Goddess Durga in the month of Ashwin. This came to be known as Akal Bodhan or a puja which was observed in a different time. The Goddess armed Rama with the secret knowledge as to how to kill Ravana. Finally Rama vanquished Ravana on the Ashwin Shukla Dashami and rescued sita. Because he gained victory on the Dashami day, it is known as Vijaya Dashami. Also it signifies the victory of good over evil. Dussehra Some devotees perform three time’s daily yajnas and Sandhya Vandana. Apart from this Aditya Homa, Maha Surya Mantras and the Aruna Prapathaka are performed. These are mantras which are believed to keep the brain, heart and the digestive functions in order. It is also believed that a large scale celebration of Dussehra started in the 17th century, when the king of Mysore ordered for the observance for this auspicious day in a grand manner. Ma Durga’s victory over Mahisashura At a point of tyime the demon called Mahisashura gained great grounds and was a constant threat to the mental peace of the Gods in heaven. All the lokas were petrified of this Mahisashura. Seeing no respite in sight, the Devas all joined the together to create that one immensely powerful entity which would be able to defeat the Mahisashura. Thus Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva came together and a glowing light emanated from them , which culminated into a beautiful virgin ten handed female. All her weapons were supplied by all the Gods and she rode on a lion. The battle between Durga and Mahisashura went on for nine long days and finally on the tenth day, the evil Mahisashura was defeated and killed by the Goddess Durga. Thus Dasha- Hara also reflects the same and is a celebration of the victory of good over evil. The Visit of Durga Ma in her parental place Daksha and his wife called Prasuti had a beautiful daughter named Sati. Sati was in awe of Lord Shiva and did severe penance to marry him. Lord Shiva, pleased with her dedication, married her. However, Daksha was not in favor of this marriage and did not invite Shiva for a yajna he was performing. Sati, deeply distressed at her father, could not tolerate this and thus killed herself. Lord Shiva became agitated with grief and shock of having lost his wife and started Tandava or the dance carrying the body on her shoulders. The whole world was on the verge of the discussion. Lord Narayana acted as a savior and used his sudarshana chakra to cut the body of Sati into pieces, which then fell in various places. The places where the pieces from Sati’s body fell are known as Shakti Piths. Amongst many Kalighat in Kolkata, Kamakshya near Guwahati are some. Finally Lord Narayana revived Sati and in her next incarnation she was born as Parvati, the daughter of the King Himavat. Parvati married Shiva in this birth too and had children- Karthik, Ganesha, Lakshmi and Saraswati. Lord Narayana requested Shiva to forgive Daksha. Thus, peace came back and every year Ma Durga came to visit her parents during the month of Ashwain or sharatkal with children and 2 sakhis – Jaya and Vijaya. Dashami or Vijaya Dashami is the day that Maa Durga heads back for Kailasa, her matrimonial abode. End of the Pandava’s Agyatavas In the Dwapara Yuga, Pandavas had to go to an Agyatavas after they lost miserably in a game of dice. It was a period of 12 years that they had to hide themselves where nobody could recognize them. In the ultimate year, the 5 brothers hid their weapons in a hole on a Shami tree and entered the kingdom of Virat. After the year on the day of Dashami , they took out their weapons and declared their true identities. Ever since that day exchange of Shami leaves have become aritual in the Vijaya dashami. It is a symbol of the win of good over evil. Kautsa’s Guru Dakshina In the city of Paithan long ago, there loved a Brahmin in the name of Devdutta along with his son Kautsa. After he finished his education under the Rishi Varantantu, Kautsa insisted on paying homage to his Guru. However his Guru said that seeing an able disciple is the biggest happiness for a Guru. However Kautsa was not satisfied. Fed up his Guru told him that he should get 140 million gold coins, 10 million for each of the sciences taught. Kautsa went to King Taghu, an ancestor of King Rama. King Raghu was known for his magnanimity, however at that point he had finished all his money in charity and thus asked Kautsa to come back after 3 days. Meanwhile Raghu went to Indra to seek the gold coins, who in turn asked Kuber, the treasurer to get the money. Upon Indra’s instruction Kuber showered gold coins on Ayodhya. Kautsa hastened to collect and collected more than 140 milliom, but he wanted to pay the rest back. The King did not accept that and finally on the dashami of Ashwin, he distributed all the gold coins amongst the inhabitants of Ayodhya. Dussehra or Vijayadashami in various parts of India In the northern part of india, particularly Haryana, Punjab,Kashmir, Himachal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and uttara khand and some parts of Bihar plants a pot full of barley seeds on the first day of the Navaratri. In most of these states Dussehra is celebrated in the glory of Ram defeating Ravana. During these nine days many drama and other kinds of religious plays are performed. These kind of programmes are called Ramlila. Life like effigies of Ravana, Kumbhakarana and his son Meghnad are lit fire at and burnt at bonfires. The burning of these effigies supposedly cleanses and purifies the whole atmosphere. In the Kumaon the Ramlila is different as it begins with the musical story of Katha, or a narrative based on Lord Rama;s life. These are traditions taken after the great Udayashankar. On the southern states of India the Dussehra or Vijayadashami is celebrated with great fanfare. In Karnataka an exhibition of toys called “Bombe habba” is held on this day. Similarly toy exhibitions such as “Bommala Koluvu” in Andhra Pradesh, Golu or Kolu in Tamil Nadu and ,”Bomma Gollu” in Kerala is held. Vijaya dashami is considered to be an extremely auspicious day to initiate formal education in this parts of the country. Students keep their books and pens and other educational equipments at the feet of the goddess on Navami and after worshipping are taken back on the day of Dashami. In Andhra Pradesh and Telengana, the younger family members give a symbolic Shami leaf to the elder person of the house on this day to seek their blessings. In the Telegu family this is considered to be an extremely auspicious day, when all new purchases are favored. The Ayudhya Puja is performed to sanctify all new items or books etc. in all the temples of Goddess Shakti or Durgamata this auspicious day after the nine days of festivity is celebrated. Durga is decorated in her various avatars such as Mahishasura Mardhini, Annapoorna, Kali, Bala Tripura Sundari, Raja Rajeshwari, Kanaka Durga, Gayatri Devi, Lakshmi and Saraswati. In the temples of Sri Durga Malleswar Swami” and on a hill called “Indra-Kila-Adri”, Dussehra is celebrated with a lot of pomp and vigor with thousands of people attending the same. In Tamil Nadu,the Navratri is celebrated as Saraswati Puja where the Goddess of Wisdom is worshipped. The celebration starts with placing of books etc in the feet of Goddess Saraswati on the Navami day. This is known as Puja Veypu. On the day of Vijaya Dashami the books are taken back for reading once again and it is known as Puja Eduppu. It is a favorable day for Vidyaarambham or starting of formal education. In Maharashtra, reminiscent of the Raghu Kings time, when gold coins fell from the sky, people take the leaves of the Apta Tree and exchange the leaves in greeting each other for prosperity. The artisans all worship their tool of work on this day. Till date people in a show of ritual cross the border of their community. This ritual is known as In the Eastern state of Odisha, people celebrate Vijaya Dashami with a lot of gusto. There are 2 shakti pith in Odisha which are Tara Tarini, which is the breast shrine of Sati and Bimala in the Jagannath Temple. In these 2 temples along with other Durga temples, Durga Puja is celebrated for a period of 10 to 16 days called Shodasa Upachara. Durga is also worshipped in various beautiful pandals where the idol is immersed in water on the day of the Vijaya Dashami. After bidding the Goddess adieu , women cook items such as Dahi-Pakhal , which is cooked rice soaked in water and cooked with curd, baked cakes called Peetha, fried fishes and sweet items. The idols are carried for immersion in processions across the city and after the immersion of the idol people participate in an observance called the Ravana Podi, where the effigies of Ravana are burnt. In Bengal, Durga Puja is the biggest annual festival. The day of Durga’s victory over Mahisashura is celebrated as Vijaya Dashami, the spendor of the 10th It is a 4 day long festival starting from Saptami with Navapatrika Puja and ending in bidding the Goddess a tearful adieu and wishing for her safe travels. The Goddess idols are immersed in lakes, ponds or rivers on the tenth day after having grand processions made with the idols all across the cities. The immersion is known as the Bisarjan or Bhasan. Post the immersion people wish each other with Shubha Bijoya/ Vijaya and offer sweets to each other. In Jharkhand and Assam too, Durga Puja is done in the same manner as Bengal starting from Saptami and ending on the Dashami or the tenth day post the Idol immersion. Significance of Vijaya Dashami or Dussehra Celebration of Vijaya Dashami or Dussehra was always full of dance, music and gaiety with a profound underlying thought of the victory of good over evil. The principal motif of Vijaya Dashami or Dussehra is mark the demarcation between good and evil and to create social bonding whilst celebrating this auspicious occasion.
Durgashtami The word Ashtami is the SansKrit word for Eighth. Durga Ashtami as such refers to the eighth day of the Durga Puja, and is also Known as Navratri or Durgotsav in certain parts of the country. The day is considered to be especially significant by devotees who often observe a fast on this day and perform many rites and rituals. Due to its special significance, the day is also Known as Mahashtami or Maha Ashtami for the word Maha is the SansKrit word for Great. Dates of Durgashtami or Mahashtami in the next five years according to the modern day calendar: Durgashtami or Mahashtami is generally celebrated in the month of Ashwin according to the Hindu calendar system. Since the calendar follows a luni solar pattern, the date Keeps changing each year as per the modern day Gregorian calendar. In 2014, the Durgashtami or Mahashtami date is on Thursday, October 2. In 2015, the Durgashtami or Mahashtami date is on Wednesday, October 21. In 2016, the Durgashtami or Mahashtami date is on Sunday, October 9. In 2017, the Durgashtami or Mahashtami date is on Thursday, September 28. In 2018, the Durgashtami or Mahashtami date is on Wednesday, October 17. In 2019, the Durgashtami or Mahashtami date is on Sunday, October 6. From the pages of Mythology: This day has Mythological significance as well – According to the Hindu mythology, it is believed that on this day from the forehead of Devi Durga culminated a forceful form of the Goddess who came to be Known as Goddess Kali. It is during the phase of Durga Puja in the month of Ashwin that the Goddess Killed the King of Demons Mahishasura, and also his associates Chanda, Munda, Madhu, Kaitaba and RaKtabija. It is also believed that on Maha Ashtami Goddess Durga obliterated Bairav or Bhairo Nath, an evil tantric, in her avatar that is Known as Vaishno Devi. It is considered auspicious to travel to the temple of Vaishno Devi during this time. There is also the famous temple of Bharo Nath at the site of Vaishno Devi temple where it is believed that Bhairo Nath’s head fell after being annihilated by the Goddess. It is believed that Vaishno Devi was a devotee of Lord Vishnu and as such used to pray to Lord Ram who was an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Bhairo Nath was an evil tantric with powers. He had intentions of beholding the Goddess. Vaishno Devi was once maKing journey towards the TriKuta Mountains for worshipping, and Bhairo Nath chased her to meditate in a cave at AdhKawari. On her way she felt thirsty and shot an arrow to maKe a spring gush out, and this place today is Known as Baan-Ganga. Her foot imprints or Charan PaduKa marKed the place where she tooK rest. It tooK Bhairo Nath nine months to locate the whereabouts of the Goddess. This is why the cave was later named as Garbh Joon. When the Goddess sensed that she has been chased, she opened the other end of the caKe with her Trishul (weapon) and escaped. Upon Her arrival at the holy Cave of Darbar the Goddess tooK the form of Maha Kali and obliterated Bhairo Nath. Bhairo Nath was blessed with Divine Forgiveness at the time of his death, and a temple was constructed at the place where is annihilated head is believed to have dropped. Type of Holiday in India: Durgashtami or Mahashtami is not a gazetted or national holiday in India. However, people all across the various cities of the country who observe the occurrence have the option of taKing a Restricted Holiday on this day to marK the occasion. Some government and private offices may remain open on this day though; however in many parts of the country holiday is observed in the offices on this day. Also, local businesses and transportation systems in the cities operate in full swing. However, certain institutions may opt to remain closed on this day. Observances to marK the occasion in different parts of the country: Observant devotees often Keep fast on this day. The common belief is that those who observe the fast on this day are able to please Goddess Durga and the Goddess in turn stays benevolent and Kind towards Her devotees and protects them from all bad omens and evils. Most temples that worship any form of Durga organize for an elaborate ritualistic worship for the occasion. Yajna (Havan or Fire Oblation) is commonly practiced on this day. All the different forms of Durga are worshipped on this day. Nine small metal pots (ghat) are installed on this day for the purpose , each representing a form of Durga, namely, Shailaputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, SKandamata, Kartyayani, Kalaratri, Mahagauri and Siddhidatri. All these forms are worshipped on this day. The practice of lighting the Sacred Lamps (Aarti) to worship the Goddess is observed on this day. It is also believed that chanting Durga Mantras for 108 times is auspicious on this day. It is believed that Goddess Durga has eight consorts who are Known as AshtanayiKas – they are — Brahmani, Indrani, Vaishnavi, Varahi, Narasinghi, Kameshwari, Maheshwari and Chamunda. The AshtanayiKas are also worshipped on this day. On Mahashtami the 64 Yoginis, who are devoted associates of the Goddess, are also worshipped. Since it is believed that this phase of worship establishes the victory of virtue over vice and that the Goddess Killed the Demons during this period to establish peace and goodwill Astra Pujan or Worship of Weapons and Artilleries are also performed on this day. Because of this, some people refer to this day as Veerashtami where Veer means the Brave. The eighth form of Durga is Mahagauri. On Maha Ashtami this form of Goddess Durga is specially worshipped. Little girls are worshipped on this day as representatives of Gauri. People wash their feet, maKe prayer offerings, gift them clothes and toiletries, and treat them with special fare liKe nuts, sweets etc. This form of worship is Known as Kumari Puja. The rituals of Durgashtami end in Sandhi Puja. This form of worship is typical to Maha Ashtami. Sandhi Khan or the Moment of Confluence is the overlapping time period of about twenty four minutes that ends the Ashtami Tithi and merges with the Navami Tithi. This holy period of juncture is considered to be very auspicious. 108 lamps are lit on this occasion. In some places Animal or Vegetable Sacrifice is made on this day. Devotees offer special prayer to the Goddess during this time.
Corpus Christi The Feast of Corpus Christi also known as Corpus Domini is a Christian solemnity to honor the Eucharist and to establish the belief in His body and blood and also to acknowledge his Real Presence in the Holy Communion or the Eucharist. It gives emphasis to the joy of the institution of the Eucharist that was held on a Holy Thursday near the Good Friday. The observation was a somber one, and in the present Roman Missal, the feast is designated to be the “The Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ”. This holy day of obligation is widely celebrated on the Thursday after the Trinity Sunday. After the Holy Mass there is generally a procession of the Blessed Sacrament which is followed by Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament. Among these processions, the notable one is the one that is presided over annually by the Pope in Rome which starts at the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran and goes to the Basilica of Saint Mary Major where it is concluded with Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament. Corpus Christi in the United States in the next five years: In 2014, Corpus Christi is on Thursday, June 19. In 2015, Corpus Christi is on Thursday, June 04. In 2016, Corpus Christi is on Thursday, May 26. In 2017, Corpus Christi is on Thursday, June 15. In 2018, Corpus Christi is on Thursday, May 31. In 2019, Corpus Christi is on Thursday, June 20. History: It is believed that the Feast of Corpus Christi was introduced to the Christian Calendar in the 13th century. It was the hard work of forty years of Juliana of Liège, who belonged to a Roman Catholic Order. Juliana had a special mark of respect for the Blessed Sacrament and had always wanted it to be honored on a day outside that of the period of Lent. Her desire was enhanced when she visioned the Church being bathed by the beams of the Full Moon, but having one dark spot. Juliana attributed the dark spot to be due to the absence of a solemnity for the Blessed Sacrament. In 1208 Juliana spoke about her first vision of Christ in which she claimed that Christ instructed her to plead for the inclusion of the Feast of Corpus Christi in the Christian Calendar. Juliana had such visions repeatedly for the next twenty years, but she kept it to herself. After that she relayed it to her confessor who in turn relayed it to the bishop. At that time bishops had the power to order feasts in their own dioceses. In 1246 after repeated pleadings from Juliana Bishop Robert de Thorete convened a synod that after discussions the celebrations of Corpus Christi was declared to be held annually thereafter. In 1264, Jacques Pantaléon of Troyes, who was the Archdeacon in Liège, became the Pope, and took the name Urban IV. He was won over by the good cause that was being upheld in the Feast of Corpus Christi. He thus instituted the Solemnity of Corpus Christi and declared it to be on the Thursday after Pentecost. When the General Roman Calendar was revised by Pope Pius V, he kept the Feast of Corpus Christi as one of the two “Feasts of Devotion”. Public Life in the United States: In the United States, this day is not considered to be a federal holiday, as such businesses and organizations operate according to their regular schedule. The same is applicable in case of public transportation that runs as per schedule on this day. Schools and other educational institutions also operate following the normal course of routine. Some Church Schools may have special prayers or blessing services organized to mark the day. Observances in the United States: In memory of Jesus’ Last Supper on the day preceding His crucifixion, many people especially in the Roman Catholic Churches receive Communion on this day. In some parts of the United States, however, this day is celebrated on the Sunday after the Trinity Sunday. But traditionally the day is observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday is most parts of the country. It is also the time when observant Christians come together in their respective Churches to accept bread and wine as a tribute to the body and blood of Jesus Christ. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2016 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2016 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Columbus Day Christopher Columbus arrived in America on October 12, 1492, and many countries in the world celebrate this day as an official holiday. The trend existed officially since the 18th century, but got officiated mostly from the 20th century. In the United States as per the Uniform Monday Holiday Act the day is observed on the second Monday in the month of October. Columbus Day celebrations in the United States in the next five years: In 2014, Columbus Day is on Monday, October 13. In 2015, Columbus Day is on Monday, October 12. In 2016, Columbus Day is on Monday, October 10. In 2017, Columbus Day is on Monday, October 09. In 2018, Columbus Day is on Monday, October 08. In 2019, Columbus Day is on Monday, October 14. History: People have always celebrated the voyage of Columbus since the colonial period. In the United States, the first State holiday for the occasion was adapted in the State of Colorado in the year 1906. However, even before that the Italian Americans have observed Columbus Day to uphold their heritage – the first such celebration being held on October 12, 1866, in the New York City. In fact Angelo Noce, a first generation Italian from Denver lobbied to promote the day to be a federal holiday. In the year 1934, President Roosevelt aided by the Congress and the Knights of Columbus made October 12 a federal holiday and named the holiday as Columbus Day. This was finally adopted by all the States of US in 1937. Since 1970, under the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, the day got fixed to the 2nd Monday in October. Public Life: Columbus Day is a public holiday in many parts of USA. However, some States do not recognize it to be a public holidays. The States are — Hawaii, Alaska, Oregon, South Dakota, Nevada, California, Florida, Iowa, Texas and Wisconsin. Here public life and offices mostly operate as is. Some of these States celebrate the day in an alternate form like Discoverers’ Day, Native American Day or Indigenous People's Day. In the States that celebrate the day as a public holiday, non-essential Government departments do not function. Schools are often closed too for the occasion. No such regulation is applicable in case of retail stores or restaurants. Public transportation system October run a little erratic though. Observances: United States – Observances vary from region to region, especially because some States follow non observance of the occasion. Places where the event is observed, parades and events are generally organized, the largest being held at the New York City. The oldest celebration dates back to 1868 and was started by Nicola Larco in San Francisco – the event continues till date. Latin America – Known as Día de la Raza which literally translated means "day of the race", this day commemorates the first encounters that happened between the Europeans and the Native Americans. Venezuela – In Venezuela Día de la Raza celebrations were established by President Juan Vicente Gómez in 1921. However, under the dictate of President Hugo Chávez the name was changed in 2002 to Día de la Resistencia Indígena which when translated means Day of Indigenous Resistance to mark the native peoples’ resistance to European settlers. Costa Rica – Initially Costa Rica too celebrated Día de la Raza which changed since 1994. Since then the official holiday has been named as Día de las Culturas which when translated means Day of Cultures to mark the diversity of cultures that compose the Costa Rican population and heritage. Non Observance: Since the 19th centuries the activists have objected to celebrating Columbus Day. The main ground of opposition was the fact that the day is related to immigrants and the Knights of Columbus, the service organization belonging to the Catholic fraternity. They opined that the promotion of the day would be in turn a promotion of Catholic influence. However, the more common ground of opposition at present is the actions that were taken by Columbus and European settlers in general against the native people of the land. This perspective gained momentum in the second half of the 20th century. Although initially the opposition was put forward by indigenous groups, later it spread to the mainstream. They disapprove of the cruel treatment that was shown towards the natives of the land as the Europeans tried to spread colonization thereby leading to the collapse of indigenous population. Another ground of opposition arises from the fact that Columbus himself was a social climber by nature who never allowed anything to come in between him and his ambition, and even indulged in exploitation, slavery, altering Biblical scriptures etc, for the purpose. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2016 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
Buddha Purnima/ Vesak Buddha Purnima is the most important festival amongst the Buddhist people. Buddhism is the non theistic religion that encompassed the teachings, beliefs and practices of Gautama Buddha who founded the religion of Buddhism. The word Buddhism comes from the word Budhi, which means to awaken, to be enlightened. This day is the birth anniversary of Gautama Buddha and falls on the purnima or full moon of the month of Vaisakha according to the traditional Hindu calendar or the month of April May according to Gregorian calendar. What does Buddha Purnima observe? Buddha Purnima actually observes the three most important events of Buddhism together. It commemorates his birth in 623 BC, his enlightenment or Niravana in the year 588 BC and finally his Pari-Nirvana or complete extinction at the age of 80 in the Theravada or the southern tradition. This occasion, because of the spread of Buddhism in great many south-eastern Asian countries, is known by many different names. In Chinese this day is known as Fódàn, Birthday of the Buddha, in Japanese it is known as Hanamatsuri or the Day of Flowers, in Burmese it is known as the Full Moon Day, in Tibetan it is known as the Sa Ga Dawa, in Vietnamese this day is called the Phật Đản or the Birthday of the Buddha amongst many other languages. Dates of Buddha Purnima or Vesak in the next five years according to the modern day calendar: In 2014, the Buddha Purnima or Vesak date is May 6. In 2015, the Buddha Purnima or Vesak date is May 25. In 2016, the Buddha Purnima or Vesak date is May 14. In 2017, the Buddha Purnima or Vesak date is May 3. In 2018, the Buddha Purnima or Vesak date is May 22. In 2019, the Buddha Purnima or Vesak date is May 12. This event is however, observed in different countries on different date. it is observed on a full moon day of the month of Vaisakha, thus different countries like Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Singapore, Indonesia, Sri Lanka etc have different dates for observing this great incident in the month of Vaisakha. Life of Gautama Buddha Gautama Buddha was the sage who founded Buddhism. His earlier life name was Siddhartha. He was born to King Suddhodana and queen Maya. He was born in the Shakya clan in the 5th century BCE. He was born in a place called Lumbini. He was married to Yasodhara and till 29 years of life, he was secluded and unaware of human sufferings. When he was 29 years of age, Siddhartha went out to meet his subjects, and met a diseased man, a decaying dead body and an ascetic. He wanted to leave the luxuries of palace and lead the life of a mendicant and attain the ultimate truth or Nirvana. Buddha taught and preached a middle way between self indulgence and self mortification. This middle way is called the Ashtangik Marga or the 8 fold path. Buddha sat under a peepal tree, and after a severe and undivided meditation of 49 days attained enlightenment. He attained his enlightenment under a peepal or Bodhi tree, in a place called Bodh Gaya and post enlightenment gave his first sermon in Sarnath. It was post his enlightenment only that he came to be known as Buddha, one who had attained Bodhi. At his time of achieving enlightenment, he realized the cause of human sufferings and the path to eliminate that. This came to be known as the Four Noble Truths. When one masters the four noble truths, then one has attained Nirvana, as in Nirvana, nothing of self remains and all personal realms are melted away. After his enlightenment Buddha met Taphussa and Bhallika, who became his first disciples and together they formed the Sangha or the group or order of the Buddhist religious monks. He in the next years preached Buddhism in numerous places, also going to his erstwhile birth place Kapilavastu. His father Suddhodana also became a disciple. 5 years after the formation of the sangha, Buddha took female members in the Sangha. At the age of 80 Buddha attained Pari Nirvana or the final deathless state of giving up his physical body. Observance of the Buddha Purnima in various parts of India and beyond On the Buddha Purnima day, devotees awaken early and attend various temples before dawn with flowers, joss sticks and candles. The early morning sees the Buddhist flag being hoisted and hymns on triple gems namely, Buddha, Dharma and the Sangha being sung. Devotees take vegetarian food on that day as killing an animal is strictly prohibited. In some countries as Sri Lanka, all slaughter houses and liquor shops are closed. Birds, animals and variety of animals are set free in a symbolic gesture of emancipation or liberation. Some disciples wear white on this day. Some temples display a small Buddha idol in a basin full of flowers and water, so that the devotees can bathe Buddha, thereby washing their own sins away and cleansing their bad karma. Monks read out from the Tripitaka, or the Buddhist religious book for the devotees to set them in the right path. A huge fair is held in Sarnath, where Buddha had given his first sermon. People from all over the country visit Sarnath and relics of Buddha are taken out in a procession. Gaya and Kushinagar and many other parts of India having Buddhist monasteries celebrate this day with utmost devotion and worship the teaching of Lord Gautama Buddha. Holidays Around The World Bank Holidays 2019 Holi Easter Maha Shivaratri Good Friday Vasant Panchami Rama Navami Akshaya Tritiya Shivaji Jayanti Ratha Yatra Kartik Poornima Anant Chaturdashi Raksha Bandhan Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar Onam Janmashtami Independence Day In India Friendship Day in India Father’s Day in India Buddha Purnima Nag Panchami Gandhi Jayanti Ganesh Chaturthi Gudi Padwa Labor Day New Year 2019 January 1st – History Chinese New Year Hindu New Year Hmong New Year Islamic New Year Japanese New Year Jewish New Year Korean New Year Thai New Year Persian New Year Tibetan New Year Vietnamese New Year
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